Author Archives: Bill Kovarik

Trump’s war on the environment

Defying US public opinion that has long favored climate action and environmental protection,  Donald Trump, president in 2025, demonstrates how much damage one leader can do when motivated by the ideology of revenge.  In only a few months in office, Trump has gutted scientific institutions of all kinds, from the Weather Service to the National Academy of Sciences; has started shutting down the Environmental Protection Agency, the Dept. of Interior, the National Park Service and many other federal institutions associated with conservation and the environment.  He has also promoted fossil fuel use and undercut energy conservation programs.  The sum of these and other  damaging, dangerous and illogical policies is an historically unprecedented global policy crisis.

For Ongoing Updates: 

Trump censorship deletes history

Censorship by the new Trump administration has meant the loss of thousands of datasets from federal websites along with a thorough scrubbing of inconvenient information from federal websites.  Information about climate change and renewable energy, among many other topics, is being lost in what many see as a Trumpist cultural revolution.

“We’re losing our environmental history,” Rachel Santarsier of the National Security Archive’s Climate Change Transparency Project told the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in an article published March 5, 2025.  

Environmental issues are part of history

Environmental concerns and conflicts have surfaced throughout human history, from the earliest settlements to the latest headlines.  This comes as a surprise to many people because our emphasis in history has all too often been on war and politics, rather than environment, culture and development.  Yet the evidence of  longstanding concern for the environment has been readily available in manuscripts, publications and historical archives. It can be found under Continue reading

Support the Environmental History Timeline

Every day, hundreds of students and scholars come to this  Environmental History site for vital information about the most important topic on earth.

Your support is needed to keep providing this service.  Our goals are:

  • First and foremost, to remain independent of corporate control in order to provide truthful, accurate and unbiased information;
  • To create a US  nonprofit organization to manage the Environmental History Timeline in the future;
  • To better organize information from the site, for example, improving the tagging, increasing the functionality of searches, and connecting “This Day in Environmental History” to the main text.
  • To employ more professional journalists to update the timeline and help keep track of new problems and initiatives.
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  • To provide published products such as books, calendars, posters, and other informative and educational information.

Donate today by going to our link at Better World. Thank you. 

Bill Kovarik

Aldo Leopold’s Sand County Almanac at 75

David A. Taylor

Fifteen years ago on a field trip with the Society of Environmental Journalists in Madison, Wisconsin, I visited the shack of Aldo Leopold, a pioneer of conservation, in Sauk County.

It was October 2009, and it was late afternoon when we got to the remote structure. This area inspired Leopold’s conservation ethic and his writing about nature. The late sunlight filtered through the fall leaves.

It was fascinating to visit by lamplight his raw-boned shrine to the study of nature, reading and writing. I found it moving to be in that space, surrounded by other writers with a similar curiosity.

Years later, I found myself making an episode about Leopold in our series with Spark Media, The People’s Recorder.

Leopold was between jobs and at a pivotal juncture in the 1930s. Late in that decade he contributed an essay on Conservation for publication in the WPA Guide to Wisconsin. This was a decade before his landmark book, A Sand County Almanac, came out after his death. In his 1930s essay describing the destruction of Wisconsin’s native forests and the dynamics with communities, writing for a broad audience, Leopold was finding his way toward his true voice.

We spoke with Leopold’s biographer, Curt Meine, who generously traced that time in Leopold’s growth as a writer. Curt also helped connect the dots for us in what came after Sand County Almanac, sharing Leopold’s influence on the budding environmental movement and in the creation of Earth Day in 1970.

I found it personally meaningful to help develop that episode. From the surprise of finding the fine-print acknowledgement of Leopold in the WPA guide’s front matter to pursuing the connections and context with Curt Meine, and helping to find sounds that helped us tell the story. All of that seemed to lead back to that visit to his shack in Wisconsin years ago, with the sun sinking into the trees as we left to return to Madison.

This year marks the 75th anniversary of A Sand County Almanac, a notable milestone from which to gauge the changes in how we view the landscape over the past century. You can join a Science Friday discussion of the book in November.

Before that, you might check out “A Voice for the Land,” episode 7 in The People’s Recorder.

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MORE 

Sand County Almanac (Wikipedia)

The Aldo Leopold Nature Center is located near Madison, Wisconsin.

 

Murders of environmental defenders continue

Honduran activist Juan Lopez (murdered September 2024) in a photo taken in front of portrait of fellow Honduran Carlos Escaleras (murdered 1997). (Photo by Lucy Edwards).

Every year, land and environmental defenders around the world are brutally murdered for daring to resist environmental exploitation. In 2023, Global Witness  documented 196 defender killings.

The number this year tips the official total to over 2,000 globally since Global Witness started reporting data in 2012. The organization now estimates  that the total stands at 2,106 murders.

Global Witness published “Missing Voices: the violent erasure of land and environmental defenders”  in September 2024.

Killings in Peru have also been tied to environmental crimes in the Peruvian Amazon,  Mongabay, an environmental webzine, reported in September 2024.

A 2024 journal article on Ecopoliticide. by Delon A. Omrow & Peter Stoett from Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Affairs, argues that the strategic murder of environmental activists “is a fundamental threat to human and environmental security.”

Reporting threats to environmental activists and the environment is also dangerous, according to a March, 2024 UNESCO report: “Press and planet in danger: safety of environmental journalists; trends, challenges and recommendations.”

History cannot ignore these atrocities, and this site continues to keep track of developments.      

Remembering Peter Dykstra

Greenpeace crew member Michael Baily blockades a Russian harpoon ship in a Zodiac. c. 1976.  (Photo by Rex Weyler, courtesy of Greenpeace).

By Bill Kovarik

He was a Greenpeace spokesman, the CNN science unit producer, and publisher of  Environmental Health News.  Peter Dykstra covered a lot of ground in his 67 years.  His death on July 31 in Atlanta, Ga. was a sad end to a life of joyful and spirited service to the environment.

I first met Peter Dykstra when the Rainbow Warrior came to visit Charleston SC in 1982. At the time I was privileged to work for the Charleston Post-Courier newspaper and was assigned to the environment beat. 

The Charleston paper was known at the time for its ultra-conservative editors, and when the Rainbow Warrior docked in town, I was told not to write about the “hippies of the sea,” as they called Greenpeace.     

This seemed unfair. Other coastal US cities like Baltimore and Wilmington were rolling out the red carpet for the Rainbow Warrior.  So when Greenpeace media director Peter Dykstra called me on the phone to ask about our coverage, I told him the situation,  and he came up with a clever solution.  

Continue reading

Ben Franklin’s Battle Over Pollution

Historic Dock Creek Marker

By Kyle Bagenstose 

Plenty of visitors to Philadelphia have caught a glimpse of Benjamin Franklin’s old privy well, encased in glass amidst the old foundations of his former home at 4th and Market Streets in Old City. It’s a bit of an odd landmark for sure: most old homesteads urge people to ponder how their historical inhabitants lived, not what they ate.

However, in Franklin’s day, the prevailing odors in the area in fact did not emanate from his toilet. Instead, it was that of the slaughterhouses, tanneries, and breweries that dotted his neighborhood and dumped their putrid waste into nearby Dock Creek.

That waterway, which once snaked its way through Old City along two primary branches, has long since been buried and converted into a sewer, but its remnants can still be found, as can a history of Franklin’s fight against the creek’s degradation.

During an April 2024 visit to Philadelphia to attend a conference of the Society of Environmental Journalists, Bill Kovarik, a historian and professor at Radford University, hosted a historical tour on Franklin’s water war. Leading a group down the course of the buried creek, much of which now runs underneath the serpentine, cobblestoned, and aptly named Dock Street, Kovarik explained Franklin’s support for a 1739 petition that sought to expel polluting industries from the surrounding area.

Kovarik, also a veteran environmental journalist, has taken a deep interest in Franklin’s fight for clean water. In his view, Franklin’s work here offers a powerful testimonial that advocating for the environment was not a new-age concept borne out of the countercultural movement of the 1960s, but indeed has a cultural heritage that stretches all the way back to one of the nation’s most renowned founding fathers.

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Anti-environmental war expands in 2024

Thirty years ago, when David Helvarg wrote “The War Against the Greens,”  both major political parties agreed that serious efforts to protect the environment were needed.  Most of the opposition to environmental protection, at the time,  came from polluting  corporations and the extreme far right of the political spectrum.  Today, that war has expanded into a global effort led by the American Republican party, says Helvarg in an April 2024 Daily Kos article.

Helvarg writes:

The rightwing Heritage Foundation has written “Project 2025,” a plan for what it hopes will be a second Trump administration.  The plan calls for rapidly expanding fossil fuel emissions and includes a chapter on opening up the Department of Interior’s lands to mineral mining and oil drilling written by Wise Use veteran, William Perry Pendley…

In just the last decade 1,700 environmentalists and land-defenders including many indigenous leaders around the world have been murdered according to a recent report put out by the investigative group Global Witness.

In the U.S. one of the nation’s two major political parties has effectively merged with the fossil fuel industry and made climate denial a litmus test of loyalty.  Donald Trump says if re-elected he’ll be a dictator on day one in order to, “close the border and I want to drill, drill, drill.”

Another grim warning

“Life on planet Earth is under siege. We are now in an uncharted territory. For several decades, scientists have consistently warned of a future marked by extreme climatic conditions because of escalating global temperatures caused by ongoing human activities that release harmful greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. Unfortunately, time is up.” — BioScience, Oct 24, 2023, State of the Climate Report.